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Processed with VS1Compare expressions for holding a problem back, preventing a threat, and delaying a serious difficulty.
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Source: VOA Learning English · Words and Their Stories
View original article & transcriptTo “keep” or “hold something at bay” is to prevent it from getting closer or becoming worse for a while. “Ward off” focuses on preventing a danger or unwanted effect, while “stave off” often describes delaying a serious problem. “Keep someone at arm’s length” means maintain distance from a person. The lesson does not present these as guarantees: keeping a problem at bay or staving it off may only be temporary.
Cultural note: These expressions can sound like advice, but they do not prove that a particular action prevents illness or solves a mental-health concern. Use evidence-based guidance for health questions. “Keep someone at arm’s length” describes a relationship boundary and need not imply that the other person is dangerous or dishonest.
Keep exploringA problem can be held back, prevented, or delayed—and English chooses a different phrase for each shade of meaning.
Phrase guide · 5 expressions
Original explanations and examples, created for learners. Save a card for later or hear the phrase spoken by your browser.
Describe keeping a pressure or problem from advancing.
Meaning
Stop a threat, problem, or feeling from getting closer or becoming stronger for now.
Tone & use
Often describes control or temporary resistance, not a lasting solution.
Example
“The neighborhood opened a cooling center to help keep the worst effects of the heat at bay.”
Meaning
Keep something from advancing or reaching you.
Tone & use
Can be literal or figurative and often suggests active resistance. It does not mean the threat has disappeared.
Example
“The temporary repairs held the water at bay until the specialist arrived.”
Distinguish preventing an effect from postponing a serious outcome.
Meaning
Try to prevent a danger or unwanted effect from harming you.
Tone & use
Common with risks or threats. Avoid presenting unproven actions as reliable disease prevention.
Example
“The driver checked the weather and changed the route to ward off a possible delay.”
Meaning
Delay or prevent a serious problem, often for a limited time.
Tone & use
Somewhat formal; it often appears in news and professional writing. It usually implies the issue may return.
Example
“The emergency grant staved off a closure for one semester while the board considered a longer-term plan.”
Use a phrase for maintaining emotional or social space.
Meaning
Maintain distance from someone and avoid becoming close.
Tone & use
Can describe a personal boundary or a cautious relationship. Explain the reason rather than assuming bad intent.
Example
“After the disagreement, they kept each other at arm’s length until they were ready to talk.”
Knowledge check
Choose the expression that best fits each situation.
Try it · Choose the best expression
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